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alphorn

CLASSIFICATION: aerophone (lip vibrated), wind instrument 

HISTORY: Instruments similar to the Alphorn (Australian Didjeridu, Bibilcal Shofar) have been in existence for nearly 100,000 years. The early instruments were used to signal warnings often for military use, but in the mountainous area of the Alps, it was more commonly used to announce daily activities. Archaeological records of the Alphorn in Switzerland date back to the Celtic tribes on the northern slopes of the Alps about two thousand years ago. References to the modern Alphorn in Switzerland date to the early 16th century. By the 18th century, Alphorn melodies were written down by composers who incorporated them into their own compositions (Johannes Brahms, Symphony Number 1, in c minor). Today the Alphorn is not used by herdsmen for signaling, but primarily by amateur musicians

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: The Alphorn is a hollow tube made with wooden strips (spruce) bound with birch bark or cane. It is conical bore with an upturned (or straight) bell and wooden mouthpiece similar to that of the modern horn. They range in length from 10.6 feet to 13.5 feet. The bells are often ornately decorated with painting or carvings. The instrument is supported by small feet located under the bell

SOUND PROPERTIES: Sound is produced in a manner similar to brass instruments by the vibration of the performers lips. Due to its conical bore the Alphorn produces a mellow, and reverberant sound that can carry for long distances. 

RANGE: The instrument has a four-octave range. Since the Alphorn has no keys, valves, or slides, it is not a chromatic instrument. This means that it can only produce the pitches in its overtone series and cannot sound those pitches in between. The Alphorns are most commonly in three different pitches. The Alphorn with a fundamental pitch of F sharp is 11 feet, 6 inches long, the Alphorn with a fundamental pitch of F is 12 feet, 3 inches long, and the Alphorn with a fundamental pitch of E is 13 feet, 2 inches long.

See alphorn-overtone-series in the Appendix.

In addition, you can familiarize yourself with the terms:

Popular questions related to alphorn

alphorn, German alpenhorn, long horn played by Alpine herdsmen and villagers, sounded for intercommunication and at daily ceremonies and seasonal festivals. It is carved or bored in wood and overwound with birch bark.

A longhorn was a type of Faerûnian flute that was commonly found in civilized regions, or in elven communities.

the Swiss Alps The alphorn is used by mountain dwellers in the Swiss Alps. Similar wooden horns were used for communication in most mountainous regions of Europe, from the Alps to the Carpathians.

Origins. The origin of the alphorn is lost in times gone by. Some very ancient tales mention that shepherds in Europe and even as far as Asia used similar instruments, namely a kind of primitive trumpet-like device only playing a few notes.

The alphorn sounds similar to a trumpet and is made from pine, fir and spruce trees. The instrument normally produces sound in notes G and F.

About 3.5 meters long, weighing up to eight kilograms, conical, and bent like a cow horn at the end – it is the musical instrument of Switzerland: the Alphorn. People have been playing the woodwind instrument for more than 500 years.

The correct answer is the didgeridoo, a traditional instrument of the Aboriginal Australians. As with the alphorn, the player vibrates the lips and blows a steady flow of air through a long, wooden tube.

3.47 m Since an alphorn is a natural instrument, its length also defines the basic tone or tuning. Horns are available in lengths between 2.45 m and 4.05 m. In Switzerland, the length has been set at 3.47 m, which corresponds to the keynote “f#”. Usually the alphorn is made up of three parts for easier transport.

Musicians regard instruments made of wood as being brass instruments because the tones are produced by the same blowing techniques. The distinctive sound of the alphorn, however, combines the richness of a brass wind instrument with the softness of a woodwind instrument.

The correct answer is the didgeridoo, a traditional instrument of the Aboriginal Australians. As with the alphorn, the player vibrates the lips and blows a steady flow of air through a long, wooden tube.

The alphorn is a wind instrument traditionally made from wood, and it's considered the national symbol of Switzerland. It produces a loud, penetrating sound that can be heard up to 10 kilometers away. In the past it was used as a means of communication in Switzerland.

A Brief History of Alphorns These beautiful horns were built from spruce trees growing high in the Alps and were used by Alpine shepherds 2000 years ago to communicate with other people and to call grazing animals, and also to make music.

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