Short bio Joseph Martin Kraus
Full biography Joseph Martin Kraus
Joseph Martin Kraus was a German-Swedish composer born on June 20, 1756, in Miltenberg am Main, Germany. He became one of the notable composers of the Classical era, alongside Mozart and Haydn, and led a celebrated but tragically brief career.
Kraus was known for his symphonies, chamber music, and operas, and his works were characterized by a combination of Classical elegance and intensity of emotion. He was also a pioneer of the Sturm und Drang movement, which emphasized the expression of intense emotions in music. Kraus was admired by some of the most celebrated composers of his time, including Haydn, who once said, "If Kraus were still alive, I would not wish to compete with him."
Despite his talent, Kraus's career was cut short by his untimely death on December 15, 1792, in Stockholm, Sweden, at the age of 36. Despite his brief career, he left behind a substantial body of work, including orchestral and vocal compositions, which continue to be performed and appreciated by audiences and musicians alike.
In recent years, there has been renewed interest in Kraus's music, and his works have been recorded and performed by many modern ensembles. He remains an important figure in the history of Classical music, and his contributions to the development of the genre continue to be celebrated and studied today.
Compositions featuring Joseph Martin Kraus
# | Name | Duration | Genre | Year |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Aeneas in Carthage, opera | Opera | 1799 | |
2 | Begravningskantata for Gustavus III, for soloists & chorus ("Funeral Cantata") | 47:34 min | Choral | 1792 |
3 | Kom! din herdestaf att bära, church cantata for soprano, bass & orchestra, Vb. 15 | 10:28 min | Vocal Music | 1790 |
4 | La Primavera (Spring), cantata for voice & orchestra, VB 47 | 19:37 min | Vocal Music | 1790 |
5 | Fiskarena (The Fishers), pantomine-ballet, VB 40 | 50:15 min | Ballet | 1789 |
6 | Riksdagmarsch, Vb. 154 | 8:06 min | Miscellaneous (Classical) | 1789 |
7 | Soliman II, or the Three Sultanas, opera | 63:35 min | Opera | 1789 |
8 | Miserere nostre, for chorus & orchestra, Vb. 13 | 2:44 min | Choral | 1788 |
9 | Piano Sonata in E major, Vb. 196 | 29:03 min | Keyboard | 1788 |
10 | Ballet Movements (2) for Gluck's "Armide", VB 39 | 3:32 min | Orchestral | 1787 |
11 | Larghetto for piano, Vb. 194 | 1:02 min | Keyboard | 1787 |
12 | Symphony in D major, Vb. 143 | 18:28 min | Symphony | 1786 |
13 | Symphony in E flat major, Vb. 144 | 20:16 min | Symphony | 1786 |
14 | Trio for harpsichord (or piano), violin & cello in D major, Vb. 171 | 21:15 min | Chamber Music | 1786 |
15 | In te Domine speravi, for chorus & orchestra, Vb. 11 | 5:06 min | Choral | 1785 |
16 | Piano Sonata in E flat major, Vb. 195 | 22:04 min | Keyboard | 1785 |
17 | Scherzo con variazioni, for piano in C major, Vb. 193 | 8:26 min | Keyboard | 1785 |
18 | Sonata for piano & violin in E flat major | 21:05 min | Chamber Music | 1785 |
19 | Sonata for violin & piano in C major, Vb. 164 | 24:14 min | Chamber Music | 1785 |
20 | Quintet for flute & strings in D major, Op. 7/Vb. 184 ("Wiener") | 25:34 min | Chamber Music | 1783 |
21 | Stella coeli, for 4 voices, chorus, 2 horns, 2 flutes, strings, organ & continuo in C major, Vb. 10 | 8:12 min | Choral | 1783 |
22 | Symphony in C minor, Vb. 142 | 21:38 min | Symphony | 1782 |
23 | La Gelosia (Jealousy), cantata for voice & orchestra, VB 46 | 17:22 min | Vocal Music | 1781 |
24 | Proserpina, opera | Opera | 1781 | |
25 | Symphony in C major, Vb. 139 | 12:58 min | Symphony | 1781 |
26 | La Pesca (Fishing), cantata for voice & orchestra, VB 44 | 11:53 min | Vocal Music | 1780 |
27 | Pantomime for orchestra in D major, VB 37 | 7:41 min | Ballet | 1780 |
28 | Pantomime for orchestra in G major, VB 38 | 7:53 min | Ballet | 1780 |
29 | Sonata for piano & violin in C major | 20:30 min | Chamber Music | 1780 |
30 | Sonata for piano & violin in D major | 23:03 min | Chamber Music | 1780 |
31 | Zwei neue kuriose Minuetten, for piano, Vb. 190 | 2:01 min | Keyboard | 1780 |
32 | Swedish Dance, for piano, Vb. 192 | 3:28 min | Keyboard | 178? |
33 | Rondo for piano in F major, Vb. 191 | 7:54 min | Keyboard | 1778 |
34 | La Scusa (The Apology), cantata for voice & orchestra, VB 43 | 13:29 min | Vocal Music | 1777 |
35 | Der Tod Jesu, oratorio for soprano, alto, bass, chorus & orchestra, Vb. 17 | 45:17 min | Choral | 1776 |
36 | Requiem, for 4 voices, chorus, 2 horns, strings & continuo in D minor, Vb. 1 | 25:28 min | Choral | 1775 |
37 | Miserere, for 4 voices, chorus, 2 horns, 2 oboes, bassoon, strings & continuo in C minor, Vb. 4 | 28:27 min | Choral | 1773 |
38 | Concerto for viola, cello & orchestra in G major, VB 153a | 23:26 min | Concerto | 177? |
39 | Viola Concerto in C major, VB 153b | 17:46 min | Concerto | 177? |
40 | Viola Concerto in E flat major, VB 153c | 20:35 min | Concerto | 177? |
41 | Symphony (Sinfonia con Fugato per la Chiesa) in D major, Vb. 146 | 8:53 min | Symphony | 1743 |
42 | Allegro for violin & keyboard in D major, Vb. 163 | 5:08 min | Chamber Music | - |
43 | Amphitryton, incidental music | 69:32 min | Miscellaneous (Classical) | - |
44 | An - als ihm die - starb (To - when he learned of the death of), for voice & piano, VB 74 | 3:25 min | Vocal Music | - |
45 | An das Klavier (To the Clavier), for voice & piano, VB 94 | 2:15 min | Vocal Music | - |
46 | An den Wind 1 (To the Wind), for voice & piano, VB 79 | 1:33 min | Vocal Music | - |
47 | An den Wind 2 (To the Wind), for voice & piano, VB 80 | 2:06 min | Vocal Music | - |
48 | An eine Quelle (To a Spring), for voice & piano, VB 75 | 1:41 min | Vocal Music | - |
49 | An mein Mädchen (To My Girl), for voice & piano, VB 87 | 1:23 min | Vocal Music | - |
50 | Anselmuccio, for voice & piano, VB 86 | 1:09 min | Vocal Music | - |
51 | Azire, ballet music, VB 18 | Orchestral | - | |
52 | Ch'io mai vi possa, for mezzo-soprano & orchestra, VB 59 | 4:09 min | Vocal Music | - |
53 | Choral Preludes, for piano, Vb. 197 | 4:02 min | Keyboard | - |
54 | Concerto for violin & orchestra in C, VB 151 | 26:57 min | Concerto | - |
55 | Daphne am Bach (Daphne at the Brook), for voice & piano, VB 83 | 3:28 min | Vocal Music | - |
56 | Das Rosenband (The Rose Garland), for voice & piano, VB 85 | 1:52 min | Vocal Music | - |
57 | Das schwarze Lieschen aus Kastilien (Black Liza from Castille), for voice & piano, VB 88 | 3:53 min | Vocal Music | - |
58 | Der Abschied (The Departure), for voice & piano, VB 95 | 7:15 min | Vocal Music | - |
59 | Der Mann im Lehnstuhl (The Man in the Easy-Chair), for voice & piano, VB 91 | 1:42 min | Vocal Music | - |
60 | Der nordische Witwe (The Nordic Widower), for voice & piano, VB 89 | 3:29 min | Vocal Music | - |
61 | Die Henn (The Hen), for voice & piano, VB 77 | 2:19 min | Vocal Music | - |
62 | Die Mutter bei der Wiege (The Mother at the Cradle), for voice & piano, VB 92 | 1:44 min | Vocal Music | - |
63 | Die Welt nach Rousseau (The World According to Rousseau), for voice & piano, VB 76 | 0:57 min | Vocal Music | - |
64 | Du i hvars oskuldsfulla blick, for mezzo-soprano & orchestra, VB 30 | 2:04 min | Vocal Music | - |
65 | Du Temps, Qui Détruit Tout | 2:24 min | Miscellaneous (Classical) | - |
66 | Ein Lied um Regen (A Song about Rain), for 2 voices & piano, VB 90 | 3:59 min | Vocal Music | - |
67 | Ein Wiegenlied: Seht doch das kalte Nachtgesicht (A Cradle Song: See yet the cold face of night), for voice & piano, VB 93 | 3:30 min | Vocal Music | - |
68 | Ein Wiegenlied: So schlafe nun, du Kleine (A Cradle-Song: So sleep now, little one), for voice & piano, VB 96 | 1:41 min | Vocal Music | - |
69 | Elegi, "Farväl mit kära barn" (Elegy, "Farewell, My Sweet Child") | 3:08 min | Chamber Music | - |
70 | Gesundheit (Health), for 2 voices & piano, VB 97 | 0:22 min | Vocal Music | - |
71 | Hans und Hanne (Hans and Hanne), for 2 voices & piano, VB 78 | 2:06 min | Vocal Music | - |
72 | Hör mina ömma suckar (Hear My Tender Sighs) | 2:02 min | Chamber Music | - |
73 | Ich bin ein deutscher Jüngling (I am a German lad), for voice & piano, VB 81 | 1:48 min | Vocal Music | - |
74 | Ich bin vergnügt (I am content), for voice & piano, VB 82 | 2:12 min | Vocal Music | - |
75 | Ma tu tremi, for mezzo-soprano & orchestra, VB 63 | 3:17 min | Vocal Music | - |
76 | Mortuary Music | 18:50 min | Miscellaneous (Classical) | - |
77 | Non Temer | 7:37 min | Miscellaneous (Classical) | - |
78 | Olympia, Incidental music, VB 33 | 20:58 min | Orchestral | - |
79 | Olympie Overture, Vb. 29 | 7:05 min | Orchestral | - |
80 | Overture in D minor, Vb. 147 | 10:05 min | Orchestral | - |
81 | Overture to "Proserpina" | 9:36 min | Orchestral | - |
82 | Parvum quando cerno Deum, for mezzo-soprano & orchestra, VB 5 | 7:44 min | Vocal Music | - |
83 | Phidile, for voice & piano, VB 84 | 2:11 min | Vocal Music | - |
84 | Quintet for flute, 2 violins, viola & cello in D major, VB 188 | 26:53 min | Chamber Music | - |
85 | Rheinweinlied (A Song to Rhenish Wine), for voice & piano, VB 73 | 2:37 min | Vocal Music | - |
86 | Schweizer Rundgesang (Swiss Round-Song), for 2 voices & piano, VB 72 | 2:02 min | Vocal Music | - |
87 | Se källan (See the Stream) | 1:10 min | Chamber Music | - |
88 | Sentimi, Non Partir! | 7:09 min | Miscellaneous (Classical) | - |
89 | Sinfonia buffa, Vb. 129 | 16:30 min | Symphony | - |
90 | Sonata for violin & continuo in D minor, Vb. 158 | 12:18 min | Chamber Music | - |
91 | Sonata for violin & keyboard in C major, Vb. 160 | 23:18 min | Chamber Music | - |
92 | Sonata for violin & keyboard in C major, Vb. 162 | 25:24 min | Chamber Music | - |
93 | Sonata for violin & keyboard in D major, Vb. 159 | 24:16 min | Chamber Music | - |
94 | Sonata for violin & keyboard in D minor, Vb. 157 | 16:39 min | Chamber Music | - |
95 | Sonata for violin & keyboard in E flat major, Vb. 161 | 32:20 min | Chamber Music | - |
96 | String Quartet in B major, Op. 1/2 | 12:43 min | Chamber Music | - |
97 | String Quartet in C minor, VB2 179 | 7:48 min | Chamber Music | - |
98 | String Quartet in E major, VB2 180 | 18:07 min | Chamber Music | - |
99 | String Quartet in F minor | 6:57 min | Chamber Music | - |
100 | String Quartet in G major, VB2 187 Op. 1/6 | 21:13 min | Chamber Music | - |
101 | String Quartet in G minor, Op. 1/3 | 11:02 min | Chamber Music | - |
102 | String quartet No. 2 in B flat major | 12:37 min | Chamber Music | - |
103 | String quartet No. 4 in D major, Op. 1/4 | 20:18 min | Chamber Music | - |
104 | String quartet No. 5 in C major | 17:02 min | Chamber Music | - |
105 | String quartet No. 6 in G major | 21:58 min | Chamber Music | - |
106 | Suite for orchestra | 19:19 min | Orchestral | - |
107 | Symphonies | Symphony | - | |
108 | Symphony in A major, Vb. 128 | 19:08 min | Symphony | - |
109 | Symphony in C major ("Violin Obligato"), Vb. 138 | 19:21 min | Symphony | - |
110 | Symphony in C minor ("Symphonie funébre"), Vb. 148 | 20:15 min | Symphony | - |
111 | Symphony in C sharp minor, Vb. 140 | 19:46 min | Symphony | - |
112 | Symphony in E minor, Vb. 141 | 15:12 min | Symphony | - |
113 | Symphony in F major (attrib.), Vb. 145 | 21:38 min | Symphony | - |
114 | Symphony in F major, Vb. 130 | 14:37 min | Symphony | - |
115 | Trio in D major, Vb. 171 | 21:26 min | Chamber Music | - |
116 | Zum Geburtstage des Königs | Miscellaneous (Classical) | - | |
117 | Äfventyraren, for orchestra, VB 32 | Orchestral | - |
Albums featuring Joseph Martin Kraus
# | Сover | Name album | Year | Music label |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Joseph Martin Kraus - Costantino Mastroprimiano – Complete Piano Music(CD, Album) | 2021 | Brilliant Classics | |
2 | Joseph Martin Kraus, Marie Perbost, Generation Mozart, Pejman Memarzadeh – Voix Des Lumieres(CD, ) | 2021 | Evidence (7) | |
3 | Haydn, Kraus, Dittersdorf, Night Music (3) – Music For A Viennese Salon(CD, Album) | 2020 | Avie Records | |
4 | Concerto Köln - Vivaldi • Durante • Mozart • Kraus • Gossec • Brunetti • Bach Sons – Musica Napoletana • La Prise De La Bastille • Sinfonias Españolas(10×CD, Compilation, Reissue, Remastered, Box Set, ) | 2019 | Capriccio (2) | |
5 | Franz Joseph Haydn, Joseph Martin Kraus – Giovanni Antonini, Kammerorchester Basel – L'Homme De Génie(CD, Album) | 2017 | Alpha Classics | |
6 | Joseph Martin Kraus, David Aaron Carpenter, Tapiola Sinfonietta – Viola Concertos(CD, Album) | 2012 | Ondine | |
7 | Joseph Martin Kraus, Sinfonia Finlandia Jyväskylä, Patrick Gallois – Aeneas In Carthage (Orchestral Music)(CD, Album) | 2010 | Naxos | |
8 | Joseph Martin Kraus – Concerto Köln – Sinfonien · Symphonies(2×CD, Compilation) | 2009 | Phoenix Edition | |
9 | Joseph Martin Kraus - Amphion Wind Octet – Amphitryon (Incidental Music)(CD, Album) | 2009 | Accent | |
10 | Joseph Martin Kraus, Simone Kermes, L'arte Del Mondo, Werner Ehrhardt – La Primavera - Cantate Per Una Primadonna(SACD, Hybrid, Multichannel, Stereo) | 2008 | Phoenix Edition | |
11 | Joseph Martin Kraus, Werner Ehrhardt – Amphitryon (Incidental Music)(CD, Album, Stereo) | 2008 | Phoenix Edition | |
12 | Joseph Martin Kraus, Swedish Chamber Orchestra, Petter Sundkvist – Ballet Music(CD, Album) | 2007 | Naxos | |
13 | Joseph Martin Kraus, Takako Nishizaki, New Zealand Symphony Orchestra, Uwe Grodd – Violin Concerto, Olympie, Azire | 2007 | Naxos | |
14 | Joseph Martin Kraus, Salagon Quartet – String Quartets(CD, Stereo) | 2006 | Carus | |
15 | Joseph Martin Kraus, Walter Schwede, Jacques Després, John Friesen – Complete Chamber Music With Keyboard(2×CD, Album) | 2006 | Naxos | |
16 | Joseph Martin Kraus, Mario Martinoli – Complete Piano Music(CD, Album, Stereo) | 2005 | Stradivarius | |
17 | Joseph Martin Kraus, Jacques Després – Complete Piano Music (Sonatas • Scherzo Con Variazioni • Swedish Dance)(CD, Album) | 2003 | Naxos | |
18 | Joseph Martin Kraus | Swedish Chamber Orchestra, Petter Sundkvist – Complete Symphonies, Vol. 4 | 2002 | Naxos | |
19 | Joseph Martin Kraus, Svenska Kammarorkestern, Petter Sundkvist – Samtliga Symfonier, Vol. 3 | 2000 | Naxos | |
20 | Joseph Martin Kraus, Svenska Kammarorkestern, Petter Sundkvist – Samtliga Symfonier, Vol. 2, Fyra Symfonier | 1999 | Naxos | |
21 | Szilvia Hamvasi, Noémi Kiss, Judit Németh, Péter Drucker, István Kovács, Pál Benkő, Purcell Choir, Orfeo Orchestra, György Vashegyi, Istvánffy, Kraus – Istvánffy: Messa Dedicata al Patriarcha Santo Benedetto / Kraus: Requiem(CD, Album) | 1998 | Hungaroton | |
22 | Kraus, Svenska Kammarorkestern, Petter Sundkvist – Tre Symfonier / Uvertyr Till Olympie | 1997 | Naxos | |
23 | A Musical Portrait(CD, Album) | 1996 | Musica Sveciae | |
24 | Arie E Cantate(CD, Album, Stereo) | 1994 | Musica Sveciae | |
25 | Proserpin(2×CD, Album) | 1994 | Musica Sveciae | |
26 | Agrell, Kraus, Stenhammar, Rosenberg, Larsson, Lidholm, Jun'ichi Hirokami, Norrköping Symphony Orchestra – Swedish Orchestral Works(CD, Album, Stereo) | 1994 | Fun House Classics | |
27 | Kraus, Royal Opera of Sweden, Philip Brunelle – Soliman II(CD, Album, Stereo) | 1992 | Virgin Classics Digital | |
28 | Kammarmusik = Chamber Music(CD, Album) | 1992 | Musica Sveciae | |
29 | Joseph Martin Kraus, Martin Sieghart, Edith Peinemann, Stuttgarter Kammerorchester – Symphonien, Violinkonzert | 1992 | Orfeo (2) | |
30 | Joseph Martin Kraus , Vol. 2 Concerto Köln – Symphonie Funebre(CD, Album, Stereo) | 1992 | Capriccio (2) | |
31 | Luigi Boccherini, Joseph Martin Kraus, Aurèle Nicolet, Athenaeum Enesco String Quartet Paris – Flötenquintette | 1992 | Novalis | |
32 | Joseph Martin Kraus, Concerto Köln – 4 Sinfonien | 1991 | Capriccio (2) | |
33 | Joseph Martin Kraus - Orchestra Of The Age Of Enlightenment, Anthony Halstead – Symfonier = Symphonies | 1991 | Musica Sveciae | |
34 | Joseph Martin Kraus, Lysellkvartetten – Stråkkvartetter | 1990 | Musica Sveciae | |
35 | Mozart, Kraus, Vogler, J G Berwald, Lars Roos, Örebro Chamber Orchestra, Göran W Nilson – Mozart And His Contemporaries(CD, Album) | 1990 | Bluebell Of Sweden | |
36 | Sorgemusik Över Gustav III | 1988 | Musica Sveciae | |
37 | Begravningskantat för Gustav III = Funeral Cantata For Gustav III(LP, Stereo) | 1988 | Musica Sveciae | |
38 | Foroni / Berwald / Norman / Randel / Söderman / Kraus – Kungl. Hovkapellet, Stig Westerberg / St. Petersburg Hermitage Orchestra, Mats Liljefors – Ouverturer Å Kongl. Theatern | 1985 | Sterling (2) | |
39 | Joseph Martin Kraus - Thaddäus Watson, Philipp Naegele, Günter Krieger – Kammermusik(LP, Stereo) | 1985 | Da Camera Magna | |
40 | Joseph Martin Kraus, Lucia Negro – Sonat Nr 1 E-dur • Sonat Nr 2 Ess-dur(LP, Stereo) | 1979 | Caprice Records | |
41 | Kraus, Roman, Johnsen, Nationalmusei Kammarorkester – En Sommarnattskonsert På 1700-talet(LP) | 1978 | EMI | |
42 | Naumann, Kraus, Wikmanson, Stig Ribbing – Gustavian Keyboard Music(LP, Album, Reissue) | 1975 | Musical Heritage Society | |
43 | Eugenia Zukerman And Pinchas Zukerman - Beethoven / Telemann / Kraus – Music For Flute And Violin / Viola(LP, Album) | 1974 | Columbia Masterworks | |
44 | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Stockholms Filharmoniska Orkester, Marian Migdal, Okko Kamu, Joseph Martin Kraus – Pianokonsert Nr 21 / Symfoni C-Moll(LP) | 1973 | Lyssna | |
45 | Johan Helmich Roman, Johann Gottlieb Naumann, Joseph Martin Kraus — Kungliga Hovkapellet / Charles Farncombe – Drottningholmsmusiken | 1973 | Deutsche Grammophon | |
46 | Wiener Flötenquintett - Klaviersonate(LP) | 1971 | Da Camera Magna | |
47 | Josef Martin Kraus - Hanno Haag, Anneliese Schlicker – Josef Martin Kraus Und Das Süddeutsche Rokoko(LP, Album) | 1970 | Da Camera Magna | |
48 | Funeral Cantata For Gustave III Of Sweden(LP, Album, Stereo) | 1969 | Vanguard | |
49 | Joseph Martin Kraus, Gaetano Brunetti, Angelicum Orchestra Of Milan Under The Direction Of Newell Jenkins – Symphonies For Kings | 1967 | Nonesuch | |
50 | Joseph Martin Kraus • Werner Löhrich, Günter Krieger, The Heidelberg Barock Ensemble – Vienna Flute Quintet In D Major / Piano Sonata In E Major(LP, Album, Mono) | 1967 | Musica Rara | |
51 | Kraus, Filtz, J.C. Bach, Vienna Radio Orchestra, Gabor Ötvös – Kraus / Filtz / J.C. Bach: Symphonies Of The Eighteenth Century | 1967 | Westminster | |
52 | Soliman II. Oder Die Drei Sultaninnen(LP) | - | PAN Verlag Vleugels | |
53 | Joseph Martin Kraus - Birgid Steinberger, Martin Hummel, Glen Wilson – Complete German Songs (An Das Klavier • Das Rosenband • Anselmuccio)(CD, Album, Reissue) | - | Naxos | |
54 | Joseph Martin Kraus, Ronald Brautigam – The Solo Piano Music Ronald Brautigam(CD, ) | - | BIS | |
55 | Joseph Martin Kraus, Kurpfälzisches Kammerorchester, Jiří Malát, Kang Hoon Kim – Sinfonie C-Moll, D-Dur, Violinkonzert C-Dur(CD, Stereo) | - | Bayer Records | |
56 | Lieder Für Sopran Mit Begleitung Der Pianoforte(7", EP) | - | Not On Label | |
57 | Johan Helmich Roman, Anders Wesström, Francesco Uttini, Johan Wikmanson, Carl Michael Bellman, Joseph Martin Kraus – Hvad Glans, Behag Och Smak (Svenskt 1700-tal I Musiken = Eighteenth-century Sweden In Music)(CD, Repress, Sampler, Stereo) | - | Musica Sveciae | |
58 | Joseph Martin Kraus, Johann Friedrich Kittl, Südwestdeutsche Philharmonie, Tamás Sulyok – Symphonies Es-Dur(LP) | - | PAN Verlag Vleugels |
Videos featuring Joseph Martin Kraus
Joseph Martin Kraus: Symphony in E minor VB141, Swedish Chamber Orchestra
Joseph Martin Kraus - Symphony in E minor, VB 141, Swedish Chamber Orchestra, Petter Sundkvist
I. Allegro spiritoso – 00:00
II. Adagio non tanto ma con espressione – 05:03
III. Presto – 09:50
Joseph Martin Kraus (20 June 1756 – 15 December 1792) was a c
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