Meaning of Bass Ophicleide in Music
The bass ophicleide is a brass wind musical instrument that was developed in the 19th century. It is the bass version of the old keyed bugle and was invented in 1817 by Jean Ast, also known as Halary, in Paris. The name "ophicleide" comes from the Greek words "ophis" (serpent) and "kleid" (key), alluding to its improvement on the military band upright serpents.
The bass ophicleide became an important instrument in the brass section of the early Romantic orchestra, replacing the Renaissance-era serpent and its later upright derivatives. It was extensively used in French and British bands and orchestras until it was eventually replaced by the tuba near the end of the 19th century.
The bass ophicleide has a cup-shaped mouthpiece and padded keys, similar to the euphonium, and is built in C or B with a three-octave compass. It was scored for in various compositions, including Gaspare Spontini's opera "Olimpie" in 1819, Felix Mendelssohn's "Elijah" and Overture to "A Midsummer Night's Dream," and Hector Berlioz's "Symphonie Fantastique".
Today, the bass ophicleide is often replaced with two tubas in modern orchestral performances, but some argue that the original effect is lost because the tubas are too loud for the intended sound.
A tall, narrow bass brass instrument of the keyed bugle family invented in about 1817 in Paris by Jean-Hilaire Aste. The ophicleide has nine to twelve side keys in the manner of woodwind instruments. The bass ophicleide was the most successful instrument and was found in orchestras, bands, and opera orchestras through the 1840s.
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