Meaning of Borrowed Division in Music
In music, borrowed division refers to the practice of borrowing beats or subdivisions from a different meter within a piece of music. It involves interrupting the basic meter of a composition by incorporating beats that sound as if they are borrowed from a different meter. This technique adds variety and complexity to the rhythmic structure of the music.
For example, in a piece that is primarily in a simple meter (where each beat is divided into halves), a borrowed division may occur when the composer introduces beats that are divided into thirds, creating a compound meter effect. One common example of a borrowed division is the use of triplets in a piece that is mostly in a simple meter.
Borrowed divisions can be indicated in musical notation by using tuplets, which are rhythmic groupings that divide the beat into a different number of equal subdivisions than what is typically permitted by the time signature. Tuplets are often indicated by a number, such as triplets (dividing the beat into three equal subdivisions), or by a bracket or slur grouping the notes together.
Overall, borrowed division is a technique used by composers to create rhythmic interest and variation within a piece of music by incorporating beats or subdivisions from a different meter.
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Musical meters are groupings of beats into regular patterns. The organization of the rhythmic patterns in a composition are done in such a way that a regular, repeating pulse of beats may continue throughout the composition. Simple meter is defined as a meter where each beat can be subdivided by two. Compound meter can be defined as a meter where each beat can be subdivided by three. Borrowed division is the practice of “borrowing” the subdivision of one meter into another meter.
The first example below is in a simple meter. Measure one shows the beat of a quarter note. Measure two shows the normal subdivision of the quarter note into two eighth notes. Measure three shows triplets, or the subdivision of one beat (or quarter note) into three notes. The triplets are “borrowed” from compound meter.
The second example below is in a compound meter. Measure one shows the beat of a dotted quarter note. Measure two shows the normal subdivision of the dotted quarter note into three eighth notes. Measure three shows duplets, or the subdivision of one beat (or dotted quarter note) into two notes. The duplets are “borrowed” from simple meter.
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