bawu

The bawu likely originated in the Yunnan province of southwest China, it has become a standard instrument throughout China, used in modern Chinese compositions for traditional instrument ensembles. The instrument is also closely associated with Hmong, Yi, Hani and other minority cultures in southwestern China.

Bawu is played in a horizontal manner except the new models which are played vertically. The player must cover the reed entirely with the mouth and apply substantial air pressure to maintain the vibration of the reed.

two and one-half octaves RANGE: The pitch range of traditional bawu is just over an octave but the modern bawu has a range that is extended to two and one-half octaves. The traditional bawu in the key of F has a range of a ninth from c1 to d2 and the bawu in the key of G ranges from d1 to e2.

…important ancient system called the eight sounds (ba yin) was used to classify the many kinds of instruments played in imperial orchestras. This system was based upon the material used in the construction of the instruments, the eight being stone, earth (pottery), bamboo, metal, skin, silk, wood, and gourd.

The Black Allied Workers' Union (BAWU) was a national trade union federation in South Africa. The federation was established on 27 August 1972, on the initiative of the South African Students' Organisation. It worked closely with the Black People's Convention, and was part of the Black Consciousness Movement.

Origins/History/Evolution Precursors of the jinghu likely came to China during the Song dynasty (960 and 1279 CE) when the first literary references to an instrument called the xiqin appear, and especially during the Yuan dynasty (1279-1368 CE) when Mongolians ruled China.

It is played by plucking the strings either with the fingernails of the right hand or with a plectrum. Sanxian performance is characterized by powerful, resonant rolls and chords and large glissandos. It is popular in theatrical accompaniment, ballad-singing accompaniment, and the orchestra.

Made of wood, string, bone. It has 6 holes more distanced at the top, 6 finger holes at equal distances, 2 holes on opposite sides of the flute, and 2 holes at closer distances at the bottom.

Officially, the "highest" note on the flute is a C - this one: But unofficially, it's common, amongst advanced flute players, to actually play up to a C# and D.

Another important ancient system called the eight sounds (ba yin) was used to classify the many kinds of instruments played in imperial orchestras. This system was based upon the material used in the construction of the instruments, the eight being stone, earth (pottery), bamboo, metal, skin, silk, wood, and gourd.

Although classified as a plucked string instrument, the Chinese yangqin is in fact a hammered dulcimer, played with rubber-tipped sticks. In the shape of a trapezium, the yangqin is stringed in groups; each group consists of four to five individual strings that are tuned to the single same pitch.

The philosophy of Black Consciousness therefore means group pride and determination by Black people in South Africa to rise together from the death bed of oppression and exploitation.