octuple croche

An "8" below the clef (as in the diagram) indicates that pitches will sound an octave lower than they would with the unmodified clef. A "15" below indicates a two-octave shift. These numbers may also be used above the clef to indicate pitches one or two octaves higher.

12/8 is another compound time signature. Like 6/8 and 9/8, it is based on the division of beats into groups of three. In 12/8, there are four larger beats, and each one divides into three eighth notes. This creates a 'swinging' rhythm often found in blues, gospel, and some forms of rock and roll.

quarter note A quarter note (crochet) is 1 beat or a quarter of a measure, meaning that four quarter notes are needed to complete a full 4/4 measure! An eighth note (quaver) is 1/2 of a beat.

Musical symbols known as dynamics tell us how loud or soft to perform music. The dynamic symbol for loud is called forte (FOR-tay), and looks like the letter f. The dynamic symbol for soft is called piano (Pe-AH-no, the same as the musical instrument) and looks like the letter p.

In general, when there is an 8 and a dotted line above the treble clef, then you play the right hand an octave higher. When there is an 8 and a dotted line below the bass clef, then you play the left hand an octave lower. So in this case, you would play the right hand an octave higher until the sharp down line.

An eighth note is a beat that is one-eighth the duration of a whole note. Comparatively, it is half the length of a quarter note. A single eighth note looks like a dot with a line protruding upward and a short, flag-like tail hanging off the top of the line.

The compound beat can even be positioned between two simple beats. 8/8 time contains two compound beats and one simple beat. Sometimes, people confuse 8/8 with 4/4, since both have 8 eighth notes. Sometimes, people confuse 8/8 with 4/4, since both have 8 quavers.

10/8 however is a 'regular' time signature in the fact that it can be split evenly into twos. Although, at the same time, it is irregular because the amount of pairs of crotchets you have in a bar adds up to five.

A single eighth note is always stemmed with a flag, while two or more are usually beamed in groups in instrumental music. In Unicode, the symbol U+266A (♪) is a single eighth note and U+266B (♫) is a beamed pair of eighth notes.

Crochet symbols are used to create a visual when creating patterns. For some, these symbols are much easier to follow than written instructions. Crochet symbols all follow a standardized format set by the Craft Yarn Council (CYC). Once you learn the basics, they become effortless to read and understand.

F triangle 7. Means major, so in your example it is Fmaj7. Sometimes you read the triangle as implying the (maj) 7 and/or 9 anyway.

The notation 8a or 8va is sometimes seen in sheet music, meaning "play this an octave higher than written" (all' ottava: "at the octave" or all' 8va). 8a or 8va stands for ottava, the Italian word for octave (or "eighth"); the octave above may be specified as ottava alta or ottava sopra).