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A clef (from French: clef 'key') is a musical symbol used to indicate which notes are represented by the lines and spaces on a musical staff. Placing a clef on a staff assigns a particular pitch to one of the five lines or four spaces, which defines the pitches on the remaining lines and spaces.

The bass clef is shaped like an ornamental letter F, accompanied by two dots that bracket the music note F3, which is the first F below middle C. For this reason, it is nicknamed the F clef.

The bass clef is sometimes called the “F clef”; as seen in Example 3, the dot of the bass clef begins on the F line (the second line from the top).

The Notation of Notes, Clefs, and Ledger Lines chapter introduced four clefs: treble, bass, alto, and tenor. A clef indicates which pitches are assigned to the lines and spaces on a staff.

Three clef symbols are used today: the treble, bass, and C clefs, stylized forms of the letters G, F, and C, respectively. Music for the tenor voice is usually written in an octave transposing treble clef; a small 8 under the clef indicates that the music is to be sung an octave lower than written: Are you a student?

In music, letter notation is a system of representing a set of pitches, for example, the notes of a scale, by letters. For the complete Western diatonic scale, for example, these would be the letters A-G, possibly with a trailing symbol to indicate a half-step raise (sharp, ♯) or a half-step lowering (flat, ♭).

The bass clef, an F-clef, is used by cello, double bass, bass guitar, bassoon, contrabassoon, bass recorder, trombone, tuba, timpani and some other players.

The Bass Clef (or “F-clef”) locates the pitch “F” on the fourth line up on the staff. From these two fixed points, all other pitches were calculated and placed on the five-line staff. Figure 2.2 "Treble Clef and Staff; Bass Clef and Staff" shows the Treble and Bass Clefs and pitch placement on lines and spaces.

• Treble clef. The treble clef (also called the G clef) indicates that the note G above middle C falls on the second line of the staff.
• Bass clef. The bass clef (also called the F clef) indicates that the note F below middle C falls on the fourth line of the staff.
• Grand staff.
• Alto clef.
• Tenor clef.
• Octave clefs.
• Clef change.

There are clefs that are commonly used, like treble clef and bass clef, and others that are not so commonly used.

The treble clef, or G clef, is used for the higher sounding notes, usually played with the right hand. The bass clef, or F clef, is used for the lower sounding notes, usually played with the left hand. When the two staves are joined on the left by a brace, they are collectively called a grand staff.

Middle C for the treble clef is the first ledger line below the staff and for bass clef it is the first ledger line above the staff. The first ledger line above treble clef is A, which is two As above middle C. The first ledger line below the bass clef is two E's below middle C.