total serialism

After the first generation of “classic” serialists, we start to see a wider range of serial practices emerge, including a move toward “integral” or “total” serialism, which applies serial technique to parameters other than pitch, particularly rhythm, dynamics, and articulation.

Serialism was a unique form of musical composition that rewrote the basic rules of Western music composition by revamping the traditional manner of playing notes. The experimental approach had a considerable influence on mid-twentieth-century classical and avant-garde music that continues to resonate today.

Serialism or the twelve-tone technique is a way of composing music that involves replacing major and minor scales with a fixed ordering of the pitches in the chromatic scale. This generates a structure that, in principle, remains in place throughout the composition in question.

I say 'after' but Ruth Crawford Seeger was already writing what later came to be known as 'integral' or 'total' serialism as early as c. 1930. The most frequently cited examples came later, in a burst around 1950: Milton Babbitt: Three Compositions for Piano (1947)

Serialism is another term for the twelve-tone method. T. The transposition of pitches in a twelve-tone composition is called the tone row.

Arnold Schoenberg was an Austrian-American composer who created new methods of musical composition involving atonality, namely serialism and the 12-tone row.

Serialism is a term that encompasses the twelve-tone technique of Schoenberg, Webern, and Berg, who were the major figures we associated with expressionism and atonality in the previous chapter on set theory.

Serial communication standards

• RS-232C. This serial communication standard is widely used and is often equipped on computers as standard.It is also called "EIA-232".
• RS-422A. This standard fixes problems in RS-232C such as a short transmission distance and a slow transmission speed.It is also called "EIA-422A".
• RS-485.

Sprechstimme is a vocal style that combines elements of song and speech. Like a conventional vocal melody, Sprechstimme uses musical notation that indicates rhythm and pitch. But instead of singing the pitches, the performer recites them.

As an extension of Schoenberg's work, composers like Milton Babbitt and Oliver Messiaen used tone rows but also began serialising things like rhythm, dynamics and articulation. Music that serialises multiple elements in this way is called integral serialism, or total serialism.

In music, serialism is a method of composition using series of pitches, rhythms, dynamics, timbres or other musical elements. Serialism began primarily with Arnold Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique, though some of his contemporaries were also working to establish serialism as a form of post-tonal thinking.

Arnold Schoenberg Serialism is a compositional technique pioneered by Arnold Schoenberg using all 12 notes of the western scale – all within a fixed set of rules.