Signs in traditional Western notationThere are many types of signs used in traditional Western music notation to indicate how the music should be played. Some of the most common signs indicate:
- **Accidentals:** These symbols like ♯ (sharp) and ♭ (flat) temporarily modify the pitch of a note by raising or lowering it by a semitone.
- **Articulation marks:** Symbols like > (accent), ^ (staccato), and - (legato) indicate how long or short notes should be played.
- **Ornaments:** Signs like ^ (mordent) and ~ (trill) indicate musical flourishes to be added around a base note.
- **Dynamics:** Symbols like (piano), - **Tempo:** Signs like = 120 (beats per minute) set the pace and speed of the music. - **Clefs:** Symbols at the start of the staff indicate which notes correspond to which lines and spaces, the most common being treble and bass clef. All of these signs aid musicians in correctly interpreting the composer's artistic intentions and playing the music as intended. The precise meaning can depend on historical period and context.
Specific symbols placed on or near a staff of composition indicating performance specifications such as pitches, dynamics, time duration, accidentals, phrasing, manner of attack, timing, tempo, repeats, fingering, ornamentation, use of pedals or mutes, etc.
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