Meaning of Organal Style in Music
Organal style in music refers to a specific type of composition and performance practice that emerged during the medieval period. It is closely associated with the development of polyphony, which is the combination of multiple melodic lines or voices. Organal style involves the addition of a second voice, known as the organal voice, to an existing chant or principal voice. The organal voice typically moves in parallel motion with the chant, either a fourth or a fifth below. This style of composition created a richer and more complex musical texture.
The term "organum" is often used interchangeably with organal style, although organum can also refer to the broader practice of early polyphony. Organal style was particularly prominent in the Notre-Dame school of polyphony in the 12th and 13th centuries. Notable composers associated with organal style include Léonin and Pérotin.
Organal style compositions were characterized by the use of rhythmic modes, which were patterns of long and short notes that governed the rhythmic structure of the music. The melodic flow of organal style compositions was influenced by Oriental music, which crusaders would have been familiar with. Over time, the rhythmically solid three- and four-part organa of Pérotin superseded the earlier two-part compositions of Léonin.
It's important to note that the meaning of organal style is specific to the historical context of medieval music and should not be confused with other musical genres or styles.
Organum (the earliest style of polyphonic music) in which the tenor sings the melody (the original chant) in very long notes while the upper voices move freely and rapidly above it.
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