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(b. Bagndresde- Bigorre, Dec. 19, 1 8 1 7 ; d. Tunis, Nov. 8 , 1907) , violinist, teacher and composer, was the last representative of the old French school of violin-playing. H e received in s t ru c t io n f rom B a i l lo t a t th e P a r i s C o n s e rv a to i r e (1828), a n d u l t im a te ly b e came hims e l f a pro fes so r a t t h a t in s t i tu t io n (1857) . H e w a s success ful a s a soloist in th e Soci6 t 6 des C o n c e r t s a n d elsewhe re , a n d his Q u a r te t Soirees, in w h ic h h e w a s a s s is ted by his y o u n g e r b ro th e r s , J e a n P i e r r e L e o p o l d (1822-95) , violinist, a n d A r n a u d - P h i l i p p e (1819-62) , violoncellis t, e n jo y e d con s id e rab le vogue. As a c omp o s e r he w a s e q u a l ly successful, g a in in g m a n y prizes, am o n g th em th e P r ix C h a r t ie r , s h a r e d w i th M a d am e F a r r e n c , a n d g iv en fo r th e comp o s i t io n of a piece of c h am b e r mus ic w h ic h sh o u ld b e th e 'n e a r e s t a p p ro a c h to classic m a s te rp ie c e s . ' Y e t i t c a n n o t be said t h a t th e mo re am b i t io u s am o n g th e 150 w o rk s (circa) wh ic h he p u b l ish e d a re of e n d u r in g v a lu e . His g i f t w a s r a th e r t h a t of w r i t in g b r ig h t a n d gra c eful mus ic a n d of w r i t in g i t well for his in s t rum e n t , his m in o r c omp o s i t io n s for violin b e in g v e ry p o p u la r . His E tu d e s we re of c o n s id e rab le v a lu e to te a ch e r s , espe c ia lly th o s e b e a r in g th e t i t l e 'A c c e n tu a t io n e t p o n c tu a t io n d e l 'a r c h e t . ' w. w. c. He was the author of the following literary works: Les Compositeurs chefs d 'or chestre (1 8 7 3 ) ; Miscellanies musicales (1 8 7 6 ) ; Notes et souvenirs (1893, 1898, w i th c a ta lo g u e of his w o rk s ) . m. l . p.

(b. Edgbaston, Oct. 22, 1869). At the age of 16 he was sent to Frankfort-on-Main to learn German, this being by way of preparation for a commercial career, and incidentally entered the Raff Conservatorium of Music. The following year he went to Brussels to learn French ; shortly after this he became a member of the Brussels Conservatoire, studying composition and the piano under Professor Zarembski, and later under Professor Leopold Wallner. He was also under De Greef for pianoforte and F. Kufferath for counterpoint. In 1889 he returned to Birmingham and took up composition and teaching ; in 1893 he joined the teaching staff of the Midland Institute, but in 1904 was compelled by ill - health to resign. An opera, ' The Zaporognes,' was given in 1903 at the National Flemish Theatre in Antwerp under the title of ' The Cossacks.' Among his orchestral works, some of which have been widely performed, a re: Symphonic Variations and Finale. Produced a t a Charles Williams Orchestral Concert, Queen's Hall, in 1905, also a t Promenade Concerts in Birmingham. * The C'enci,' a symphonic hallade, after Shelley. Produced a t Birmingham, and given a t Bournemouth an

(b. St. Quentin, Aisne, Mar. 28, 1885), composer, pupil of the Paris Conservatoire, was rewarded with the Grand Prix de Rome in 1919. His production consists of chamber music, PF. pieces, a lyric legend, ' Anne Marie,' ' Les Deux Routes ' (symphonic poem), a lyric drama, ' Iriam,' etc. M. L. P .

(b. Paris, 1 6 7 2 /7 3 ; d. there, Feb. 8, 1749), originally a sailor who took ship on the frigate L'Oiseau (1685) sent to Siam on a scientific mission, afterwards became one of the ' mousquetaires du roi,' and at the age of 25 leapt into fame with his Pastorale heroique, ' Isse ' (Dec. 17, 1697). He had abandoned his military career in 1696 and studied composition under Campra. He held the offices of ' Inspecteur general de l'Academie Royale de Musique ' (1713), ' Surintendant de la musique du roi ' (1727), and directed the Opera from 1 728-31, when his musical career came to an end. His other works for the French stage are as follow s: Amadis de Grece (1699) ; Marth&ie (1099); Omphale (1701); Le Carnaval et la folie, comedie-ballet (1704) ; Le Professeur de folie (170(5) ; Callirhol (171*2) ; Telemaque et ( 'alypso (1714) ; Slmirainis (1718) ; Les Elements, an elaborate ballet in which Louis XV. danced (Dec. 31, 1721), Destouches's best work, to which Lalande contributed two numbers ; Les Stratagdmes de 1'Amour, in three | acts and prologue (1720). The last-named work, unlike all the other I operas, which have 5 acts and a prologue, has only 3 acts and prologue. ' Omphale,' ' Isse,' ' Les Elements ' (edited by V. d 'Indy) have been published in the collection ' Chefsd'oeuvre classiques de l'Opera Fran^ais.' Besides these dramatic works, some of which contain passages of considerable dignity and beauty, Destouches wrote 2 cantatas, ' QSnone ' (1716) and ' Semele' (1719). Destouches's melody is concise and elegant, his invention being specially harmonic and instrumental. His style is altogether of a ' galant ' and pastoral kind, and his music contains qualities which make his work akin to Rameau's, though his recitative does not differ from that of Lully. Bibl.- F i t i s ; Q.-L. ; F.ncyclopidie de la Musique et Dictionnaire du Conservatoire ; L . d e L a L a u r e n c i e : France, 170 et 18" tiecles. M. a n d M. L. P.

(b. Hanover, 1755; d. Vienna, Dec. 28, 1822), wrote Biographische Nachrichten von Joseph Haydn, biographical notes from Haydn's own communications, 1810 (with portrait and musical examples). e . v. d. s.

(b. Cerhenice, July 17, 1758; d. there, Jan. 4, 1820), librarian and choirmaster of the Premonstratensian convent of Strahov, Prague. He was the author of Allgem. historisclies Kiinstlerlexikon fur Bohmen, etc. (Prague, 1815-1818, 3 vols.) ; Versuch eines Verzeichnisses der vorziiglicheren Tonkilnstler, etc. (in Rigger's Statistik von Bohmen) -two exact and valuable works. DO, the syllable used in Italy and England in sol-faing instead of U t . It is said by Fetis to have been the invention of G. B. Doni. I t is mentioned in the Musico prattico of Bononcini (1673), where it is said to be employed ' per essere piu resonante.'

(b. Lemberg, Oct. 16, 1821 ; d. Baden, near Vienna, July 27, 1883), a distinguished flautist and dramatic composer. His first teacher was his father, who later on went as oboist to Warsaw and then to Vienna. He made his debut at Vienna, and, after several concert tours with his younger brother Karl, joined the orchestra of the Pest theatre as first flute ; here, in 1847, his first op e ra ,4 B enjowski,' was given, and had a considerable success. In 1858 he left Pest for Vienna, where he became first flute and assistant conductor of the ballet at the court opera, afterwards rising to the position of chief conductor. In 1865 he was appointed professor of the flute in the Conservatorium. His works include the operas 4 Benjowski,' 4 Ilka,' 4 Afanasia,' 4 Wanda,' 4 Salvator Rosa,' 4 Die beiden Husaren,' 4 Judith ' and (in conjunction with his brother and Erkel) 4 Erzebeth,' the comic ballet 4 Margot,' produced at Berlin in 1891, and several overtures, concertos for the flute, etc.H is brother, (2) K arl (b. Lemberg, Sept. 12, 1825 ; d. Stuttgart, Mar. 10, 1900), early acquired remarkable proficiency on the flute under his father and brother. Whilst still quite young, he undertook long concert tours, often w ith his brother, and appeared with great success in Brussels, Paris and London. He then became conductor at the N ational Theatre in P e s t ; and from 1865-98 was Hof kapellmeister in Stuttgart. He wrote several Hungarian operas, of w hich4 The Grenadiers' Camp ' and 4 The Son of the Desert ' are the best known, and also ballets and flute music. Karl's son, (3) A r pad (b. Pest, June 5, 1857), studied at the S tuttgart Conservatorium, where for some time he gave piano lessons, until he went to New York in 1880 to be piano teacher in the Grand Conservatorium. In 1883 he returned to his old position in Stuttgart, and since 1889 has been chorus-master a t the Court Theatre. Besides piano music, songs, etc., he has composed an opera, ' Viel Larm um N ichts,' and a ' Fest-Ouvertiire,' suite in B-v, scherzo, and a theme and variations, all for full orchestra. H. B.

oratorio, in two parts, set to a great part of Cardinal Newman's poem, by Elgar (op. 38). Produced Birmingham Festival, Oct. 3, 1900. Translated into German by Julius Buths, Niederrheinische Fest, Diisseldorf, May 1902. M.

virtually an open diapason organ stop of small scale and pleasing tone.

(b. Chotebor, Bohemia, Dec. 8, 1731 1 ; d. Prague, F e b . 12, 1799), pianoforte teacher, performer and composer. Count Spork had him educated in the J esuits' seminary at Konig- 1 Hos tinaky and Borecky both give 1731 as d a te of b i r th . 120 d u