The eldest of these organbuilders was (1) C h a r l e s (b. Amiens, c. 1710), and originally a cooper. The organ of the abbey of Auchin, transported later to St. Pierre, Douai, was his work. His nephew and pupil, (2) P i e r r e (b . Buire - le - Sec, near Montreuil-sur-Mor, June 6, 1735), after working with his uncle, was, until c. 1780, in partnership with Francois Henri C l i c q u o t . To the union of these two clever men are due the organs of St. Nicholas des Champs, Sainte Chapolle and St. Merry in Paris, and many others now destroyed or mutilated by ignorant workmen. (3) PiERRE-FRANgois, so n of Pierre (b. Paris, 1764; d. there, 1833), worked w ith Clicquot and his father from 1801-07, when the latter retired from business, and Pierre-Fran9ois remained alone. He n ever had an opportunity of undertaking large work, but was entirely occupied in repairing instruments. He was clever in certain points, but had n ot studied his art profoundly, and being a needy man, often used inferior materials. He left nothing but his name to his son, (4) Louis P aul (b. Paris, Feb. 24, 1797), who worked with him until 1826 and then alone. He repaired various organs (St. Ouen, Rouen ; St. Germain L'Auxerrois, St. Nicholas dos Champs, Paris). (5) T h om a s C h a r l e s A u g u s t e , son of Charles (1) (b. Amiens, Sept. 4, 1754 ; d. Jouyen- Josas, Seine-et-Oise, June 1, 1835), showed a great aptitude for mechanics, and perfected the harp, the organ and the harpsichord. His best title to fame rests on his practical application of the screw to steam navigation. B i b l .-C o n s t a n t P i e r r e , Les Facteurs d'instruments de musique; les luthiers et la facture in s trum en ta l ( 1 8 9 3 ) . v. de p. ; addns. M. L. p.